The case study of Rwanda is particularly significant because it is a testament to the power of people to know that it is possible to turn a country that had come close to hacking itself out of existence, into a successful story. Lipsky’s model of street level bureaucracies describe best the implementation of the nationwide health insurance in Rwanda, as it reflects the important role of the CHWs in Rwandan society and how raising awareness in terms of safe motherhood locally, through education campaigns leads to the success of the policy.
Religious tourism consists of two major kinds, i.e. “Pilgrim tourism” and “Tourism of a sight-seeing informative orientation”. In Asian region, tourism by Muslims is a prominent activity when seen specifically for Indonesia, India, Bangladesh, Iran, and Pakistan. The study focuses on locating and exploring the religious tourism in Saidpur model village, Islamabad. It studies the certain practices performed by the religious tourists to the religious sites in the study locale. The main themes derived are: 1. Location and Information about the religious sites for tourists and 2. Rituals and Practices of the visitors. In the case of Saidpur village, a proper trust to regulate religious tours can be established to assist and facilitate the tourists, as well as to provide the locals with sufficient resources to serve the visitors and maintain their religious heritage, leading to an efficient effort to promote religious tourism in the Saidpur Village.
Nanotechnology is the growing field of nanoscale materials, it is necessary to merge medicine and nanotechnology. The present study shows that if gold nanoparticles are plant mediated, they are cost-effective, rapid, and efficient. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by using the Couroupita guianensis and they were characterized by using the FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Interestingly these plants mediated gold nanoparticles will be used in several applications of electronics, medical applications such as drug delivery, diagnostics, and treatments.
Pakistan as a third world country, primarily depends on agriculture for its economic growth. This study is based on use of spatial analysis techniques for identification of threats to the agricultural fields irrigated by groundwater in different districts of Punjab province. Through Arc GIS mapping, the sampled wells were observed in the pre and post monsoon of 2006 and 2013. 63% of wells exhibited high salinity in the pre monsoon-2006. The Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) was in high concentration in 82 wells in the same year. While the Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) showed highest concentration of 34.4 me/L. Consuming water with high concentration of salinity, sodium and its carbonates results in decreased crop yield. Therefore, there is a dire need for the strict implementation of laws and regulations to conserve natural resources and promote sustainable agricultural practices.
Environmental issues resulting from climate change have become a growing concern for countries globally. However, despite growing concerns not much is done in terms of concrete actions for climate change mitigation efforts. This study highlights some environmental issues and the extent of their impact on developing and the developed countries. The study discusses environmental issues across two parameters; indicators of continued environmental degradation and the political dimension of environmental issues. The environmental degradation parameter discusses the issues of rising global temperatures and increased development. The political dimension on the other hand highlights the issues of global north and south divide and that of climate change denial. In this study the need for urgency and coordinated global effort is also emphasized in order to effectively combat environmental issues.
The development discourse has evolved to acknowledge that top-down approaches need to be replaced by participatory interventions in order to make development sustainable. However, one of the major obstacles to this change is institutionalization. This article argues that participatory approach can come to its own rescue when facing the dangers of institutionalization. It outlines dangers that participatory development faces from this mainstreamed institutionalization, simultaneously providing the relevant solutions and suggestions from within the participatory discourse, proving that it can save itself. Participatory development as an approach can save itself from being institutionalized, provided that the practitioners avoid the pitfalls mentioned by implementing the approach in its original, pure form, rather than the ones born out of rapid evolution.
The rapid growth in consumption of natural resources, especially water, has generated a sense of urgency to improve water conservation policies. Water is crucial for life and every living being. With the rapid increase in population globally, an alarming future confronts the world. Pakistan is facing a water crisis due to mismanaged national policies on water and climate change along with scant best-practices. The agriculture sector is also highly affected due to soil erosion and salinity. Furthermore, unclean drinking water is also responsible for health-related diseases, especially among children and women. Realistically, water is an essential element that plays a crucial role in sustainable development. Climate change is responsible for various problems like water crisis, which not only effects agriculture but also human health, industrial mechanism, and economic growth.
SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus of 27-32kb genome size which belongs to the family of Coronaviridae and genus Coronavirus. It has emerged in China and has been reported as pandemic disease by World Health Organization. The virus can cause respiratory illness; termed as COVID-19 (coronavirus virus disease 2019). Common signs of infection include cough, fever and respiratory difficulties like shortness of breath. Serious cases of COVID-19 can lead to kidney failure, pneumonia and death. Worldwide efforts are being made via public health emergencies to identify the suspected COVID-19 cases and quarantine them to prevent further spread of the infection. Public vaccine hesitancy is a persistent problem for public health authorities. With the availability of COVID-19 vaccines, limited but increasing information is available on the public attitudes and acceptability towards the COVID-19 vaccines in Pakistan.
Through Social media people share ideas and aspects of their personal life and it can be used to improve awareness of real-world dynamics. Different machine learning techniques have been used and have become popular in this area. A semi-supervised multi-modal using improved deep embedded learning through twitter data is proposed in this paper. Deep embedded clustering (DEC) uses deep neural networks to learn feature representations and cluster assignments simultaneously. It works by an auto encoder and then by removing the decoder while the remaining encoder is optimized. The most significant contribution of DEC is the loss of clustering and the use of highly confidential samples as supervision, followed by a denser distribution of samples inside each cluster.
Pakistan has been facing a severe economic crisis since2023. The crisis is the result mainly of high inflation, debt both internal and external and interest payment. The research article focuses on the economic security and the repercussions of these crises on security by examining the economic situation of 2023. The economic security of Pakistan is under jeopardy because of the crisis which is the result of low foreign exchange reserves, inconsistent policies, internal chaos and corruption. The study focuses on Economic security in Pakistan is under threat due to inconsistent policies, depletion of foreign exchange reserves, and mistrust from international financial institutions. The research underscores the need for diversifying the economy, targeted assistance to vulnerable groups, and the implementation of policies focused on recovery and stability. Moreover, it stresses the importance of efficient economic and security management and the urgency of addressing corruption and nepotism. Without addressing these issues, Pakistan's national security remains precarious. The article concludes by echoing the World Bank's call for sustained reforms to steer the country towards economic recovery, securing the future of Pakistan's citizens.
This research endeavors to comprehensively explore and compare the diversity of various habitats, aiming to identify the most diverse among them. The study encompasses a wide array of aspects, including the utilization of the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices to assess the vegetation diversity. Furthermore, a thorough vegetation analysis of Quaid-I-Azam University was conducted, alongside an in-depth examination of the environmental parameters within the study area. A total of 20 species were identified across both habitats, demonstrating overlapping species presence. The comparison between the two habitats was facilitated using the Simpson and Shannon diversity indices. The outcomes indicated that the CDL3 site exhibited higher diversity, housing a total of 8 species. In contrast, the Botanical Garden lawns showcased a maximum of 7 species at the BGL2 site. Interestingly, the study underscores that the Chemistry Department Lawns exhibit greater diversity when contrasted with the Botanical Garden lawns.
Following the UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) in 2012, there was an international agreement to negotiate a new set of global sustainable development goals (SDGs) to guide the world after 2015. On 1st of January, 2016,the 17 SDGs of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development — adopted by world leaders in September 2015 at an historic UN Summit— officially came into force. SDGs have incorporated the three main dimensions of sustainable development; environmental, social, and economic. The new global development agenda aims to promote peaceful and inclusive societies; create greater employment opportunities and tackle the growing environmental challenges of our time.
Download the official Goals, targets and indicators here.
The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21 or CMP 11 was held in Paris, France, from November 30 to December 12, 2015. In the Paris Climate Change Conference 2015 the world leaders reaffirmed their commitment and reached a global agreement to combat the challenge of climate change. With international forums and organizations recognizing the phenomenon as a grave threat, the national governments now need to mold their development agendas, with a more focused approach on climate change.
The issue of anthropogenic climate change stems from the rise in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere and the various impacts it has on human life and the environment.
Learn More.
The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21 or CMP 11 was held in Paris, France, from November 30 to December 12, 2015. In the Paris Climate Change Conference 2015 the world leaders reaffirmed their commitment and reached a global agreement to combat the challenge of climate change. With international forums and organizations recognizing the phenomenon as a grave threat, the national governments now need to mold their development agendas, with a more focused approach on climate change.
The issue of anthropogenic climate change stems from the rise in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere and the various impacts it has on human life and the environment. Learn More.
Q What is Sustainable Development?
A: Sustainable development has been defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It calls for concerted efforts towards building an inclusive, sustainable and resilient future for people and planet.
Q What are the SDGs and why 17 Goals?
A: The United Nations conducted the biggest public consultation in its history to ask which issues should be included in the Goals. It was agreed that 17 Goals, known as the Sustainable Development Goals, were needed in order to accommodate people’s views . That way the correct focus will be placed on the areas that are essential for creating a sustainable future for all.
Q Why are the Goals numbers and is the order significant?
A: The Goals begin with Goal 1 – No Poverty, to mark the continuation of the MDGs ambition to eliminate extreme poverty,. They end with Goal 17 – Partnerships for the Goals - to emphasise a continued commitment to work together in order to achieve progress for all. The order of the other goals does not signify any priority as all are critical and interdependent.
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